Procedure for Calling in a Mortar Strike: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
This article provides a detailed guide on the procedures associated with calling in a mortar strike. In military operations, precision and organization are paramount. Understanding the appropriate methods for initiating and managing mortar fire is essential for effective mission execution. This guide will cover three primary methods: centralized, decentralized, and pre-designated mortar call procedures. Each method is designed to ensure the right amount of control, responsiveness, and coordinate efficient application of artillery and mortar support.Centralized Method: The Most Restrictive
The centralized procedure is the most controlled and restrictive in terms of coordinating mortar fire support. Under this method, an Forward Observer (FO) operates within a centralized fire control network. The process is meticulously organized to ensure positive control and prevent network overload. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the steps involved:Step-by-Step Process
The rifle platoon leader requests indirect fire support. The FO contacts the Forward Integrated System Team (FIST)/FIST Headquarters (FIST/FiST HQ). The FO submits a detailed target description and location. An analysis is conducted by the company Forward Support Officer (FSO) or Forward Support Controller (FSC) to determine if the mission can be handled by the company mortars or if it needs to be escalated to battalion mortars or supporting artillery. The company FSO/FSC either authorizes the mission over the radio or establishes that silence is consent to fire. Company mortars, operating within the company fire control net, process the calls for fire and await approval from the company FSO/FSC. If the company FSO/FSC determines that the mission requires battalion mortars or artillery, they direct the FO to switch to the appropriate fire direction net. After completion of the mission, the FO returns to the company fire control net.This method is used frequently in stability operations where restrictive Rules of Engagement (ROE) are in place. While it is the slowest method, it ensures the most positive control over the FOs and minimizes network overload. Figure 3-7 should be referenced for a visual representation of this method.
Decentralized Method: Highly Responsive
The decentralized method provides a more responsive approach to mortar fire support. This method allows platoon FOs to independently call for fire based on their judgment, directly contacting a designated Fire Direction Center (FDC) on their fire control/direction net. However, this method requires the presence of well-trained FOs to ensure effective coordination. Here’s how it works:Key Points of the Decentralized Method
The FO can request fire support without prior authorization from FIST/FiST HQ, but the FIST/FiST HQ monitors all voice transmissions to ensure coordination. An FIST/FiST HQ can override any decision made by an FO, directing them to use another fire support means or to cancel a mission. When not engaged in a fire mission, the FO operates in the company fire control net. A company FSO/FSC monitors all voice requests, and silence is considered consent. Battalion FSO/FSC monitors requests directed to battalion mortars similarly. Under this method, any attached section or squad operates in the company fire control net or as directed by the company commander.The advantage of this method is its responsiveness. However, it requires highly trained FOs and can be challenging for a company FSO/FSC to control efficiently. Another consideration is the range of a platoon FO’s radio, which might not be sufficient, and multiple FOs could potentially overload the network. Figure 3-8 should be referenced for a visual representation.
Pre-Designated Method: Balancing Control and Flexibility
The pre-designated method strikes a balance between control and flexibility. Here, a company FSO/FSC assigns FOs to specific fire nets, with provisions to assign two FOs to one net based on tactical considerations. The pre-designated method includes provisions for requests involving different assets, where coordination with FIST/FiST HQ is required. After the mission, the FO returns to the original predesignated asset. Here’s a detailed look at this method:Main Features of the Pre-Designated Method
A company FSO/FSC assigns FOs to specific fire nets based on tactical requirements. Platoon FOs can request as many missions as needed, subject to monitoring by FIST/FiST HQ. If an FO requests a different asset, they must coordinate with FIST/FiST HQ. FOs will return to their original predesignated assets upon mission completion. This method is highly responsive and provides positive control through FIST/FiST HQ, while preventing network overload.While highly responsive, this method is less flexible compared to others and may not always provide the optimal utilization of fire assets. Figure 3-9 should be referenced for a visual representation.
For more detailed information and additional steps, refer to ATTP 3-21.90, FM 7-90, and MCWP 3-15.2 #8220;Tactical Employment of Mortars#8221; (April 2011).